The involvement of civil society, in all its diversity, in the national consultation to develop the Global AIDS Monitoring (GAM) report is critical because civil society can provide valuable data, especially for key populations and harder-to-reach groups. Civil society will also ensure that all relevant partners are engaged and play essential roles in implementation and reporting.
URGENT: The 2021 review and reporting process at the country level is underway. Join now! Be involved! Be heard!
Greater civil society engagement has been called for in every aspect of the AIDS response, including the Global AIDS Monitoring (GAM) process. In the Political Declaration on HIV and AIDS: On the Fast-Track to Accelerate the Fight against HIV and to End the AIDS Epidemic by 2030 (Political Declaration), countries agreed to “…provide to the General Assembly […] an annual report on progress achieved in realizing the commitments made in the present Declaration…”. In 2021 countries are expected to assess their achievements against the targets set in 2016. The reported data are utilized for national-level reviews (including the Global Fund applications and similar reprogramming efforts), regional assessments, and global analysis. Data will be included in UNAIDS, WHO and UNICEF reports in 2021.
The involvement of civil society, in all its diversity, in the national consultation to develop the country report is critical because civil society can provide valuable data, especially for key populations and harder-to-reach groups. Civil society will also ensure that all relevant partners are engaged and play essential roles in implementation and reporting. The UNAIDS Guidance document for the 2021 GAM encourages governments to include the inputs of the “full spectrum of civil society and community—including NGOs, networks of people living with HIV and key populations, faith-based organizations, women, young people, trade unions and community-based organizations” in the GAM report.
However, data collected from 2018-2020 by ICASO on civil society participation and engagement in previous GAM processes show that very few countries supported civil society meaningful engagement. The data collected in this survey show that civil society remains an underutilized resource in reporting for the GAM. Where civil society was more involved, the GAM was judged to be more representative of the situation and more useful, such as setting national priorities. The most common way civil society contributed was in data collection, but key populations were widely underrepresented.
For this reason, it is crucial to pay particular attention to the inclusion of members of key populations in the civil society contributions to the GAM. In many countries, members of key populations are structurally sidelined. Criminalization has a knock-on effect that prevents organizations’ registration run by and for members of key populations. It is crucial to create a safe environment to ensure the meaningful involvement of key populations and people who might be sought for criminal offenses for their identity, occupation or behavior.1
The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically altered engagement, preventing most in-person discussions and data collection while also presenting opportunities to expand engagement using new technologies. The effect of COVID-19 on civil society engagement in GAM has not been addressed.
The review and reporting process for the 2020 period started on 15 February 2021. Countries need to send their progress reports to UNAIDS by 31 March 2021.
The community sector holds the key to critical data and information that governments may not have or are unwilling to report on, particularly concerning the needs and challenges faced by key populations and those most at risk and marginalized. Community groups can bring to the table relevant and updated information that will present a more realistic picture of the country’s epidemic.
Some countries demonstrated terrific levels of engagement in the GAM process, with coordinated input into the process (like in Kenya4) and organized efforts to draft shadow reports (like in Malawi5 and Nigeria6) and to respond to the ICASO’s survey to assess how civil society was involved in the GAM in 2019 and 2020. In April 2021, ICASO will launch a new edition of the survey. This survey will increase accountability and transparency and will provide support for advocacy actions in the future.
Contact ICASO if you are interested in receiving an invitation to fill out the survey or if you want to share your experiences.
References
1 Consider the community rejection of the use of unique biometric identifiers, because people feared the data would be used to persecute specific stigmatized groups reported here: Kelin Kenya. 2018. “Everyone Said No”: Biometrics, HIV and Human Rights A Kenya Case Study. https://www.kelinkenya.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/“Everyone-said-no”.pdf
2 Progress in responding to the HIV epidemic is measured against a set of 10 global commitments and expanded targets established in the 2016 Political Declaration on HIV/AIDS. These commitments are:
- Ensure that 30 million people living with HIV have access to treatment through meeting the 90–90–90 targets by 2020
- Eliminate new HIV infections among children by 2020 while ensuring that 1.6 million children have access to HIV treatment by 2018
- Ensure access to combination prevention options, including pre-exposure prophylaxis, voluntary medical male circumcision, harm reduction and condoms, to at least 90% of people by 2020, especially young women and adolescent girls in high-prevalence countries and key populations—gay men and other men who have sex with men, transgender people, sex workers and their clients, people who inject drugs and prisoners
- Eliminate gender inequalities and end all forms of violence and discrimination against women and girls, people living with HIV and key populations by 2020
- Ensure that 90% of young people have the skills, knowledge and capacity to protect themselves from HIV and have access to sexual and reproductive health services by 2020, in order to reduce the number of new HIV infections among adolescent girls and young women to below 100 000 per year
- Ensure that 75% of people living with, at risk of and affected by HIV benefit from HIV-sensitive social protection by 2020
- Ensure that at least 30% of all service delivery is community-led by 2020
- Ensure that HIV investments increase to US$ 26 billion by 2020, including a quarter for HIV prevention and 6% for social enablers
- Empower people living with, at risk of and affected by HIV to know their rights and to access justice and legal services to prevent and challenge violations of human rights
- Commit to taking AIDS out of isolation through people-centered systems to improve universal health coverage, including treatment for tuberculosis, cervical cancer and hepatitis B and C
3 The National Commitments and Policy Instrument aims to measure a country’s progress in developing and implementing policies, strategies and laws related to HIV. It has two sections: Part A – to be completed by national authorities; and Part B – to be completed by civil society and other nongovernmental partners. The Instrument is structured around the 10 Fast-Track commitments in the 2016 Political Declaration on HIV and AIDS. Countries are required to complete a full NCPI every two years. Guidance if provided from page 123 of the guidelines for 2021 Global AIDS Monitoring provided by UNAIDS: https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/global-aids-monitoring_en.pdf
4 https://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/kenya
5 https://hivpreventioncoalition.unaids.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/FrontlineAIDS_Malawi_SR_WEB.pdf
6 https://frontlineaids.org/wp-content/uploads/old_site/nigeria_web_ready_original.pdf?1532087260